● A homologous series is a series of compounds of the same family, with the same general formula,
which differ from each other by a common structural unit.
● Structural formulas can be represented in full and condensed format.
● Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of
atoms.
● Functional groups are the reactive parts of molecules.
● Saturated compounds contain single bonds only and unsaturated compounds contain double or
triple bonds.
● Benzene is an aromatic, unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Guidance
The general formulas (e.g. CnH2n+2) of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, and
carboxylic acids should be known.

● Explanation of the trends in boiling points of members of a homologous series.
● Distinction between empirical, molecular, and structural formulas.
● Identifi cation of different classes: alkenes, alkynes, halogenoalkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes,
ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, amines, amides, nitriles, and arenes.
● Identifi cation of typical functional groups in molecules, e.g. phenyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl,
carboxamide, aldehyde, ester, ether, amine, nitrile, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl.
● Construction of 3D models (real or virtual) of organic molecules.
● Application of IUPAC rules in the nomenclature of straight-chain and branched-chain isomers.
● Identifi cation of primary, secondary, and tertiary carbon atoms in halogenoalkanes and alcohols
and primary, secondary, and tertiary nitrogen atoms in amines.
● Discussion of the structure of benzene using physical and chemical evidence.
Guidance
● Skeletal formulas should be discussed in the course.
● The distinction between class names and functional group names needs to be made, e.g. for OH,
hydroxy is the functional group whereas alcohol is the class name.
● The following nomenclature should be covered:
non-cyclic alkanes and halogenoalkanes up to halohexanes
alkenes up to hexene and alkynes up to hexyne
compounds up to six carbon atoms (in the basic chain for nomenclature purposes) containing only
one of the classes of functional groups: alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, halogenoalkanes, ketones, esters,
and carboxylic acids.

​https://guidancecorner.com/laboratory-safety-rules/

Task:

1. watch the video and take notes 
2. Plan a practical to investigate which alcohol fuel is more  efficient 
3. Check that you have completed all strands in the Exploration criterion 
4. Upload task on Managebac 

This video explains the difference in bonding and structure between alkanes and alkenes. It shows how the bonds form and what the molecule looks like in the full structural formula. 

This reviews the structure of the alkanes and alkenes and introduces the structure of the main organic functional groups. It is important that you remember all functional groups. 

Task:

1. Watch the video clip from the netflix series "Santa Clarita Diet"
2. Read the extract from the research paper below 
3. Produce a balanced decomposition reaction 
4. Explain the movie scene using scientific reasoning 

Research paper extract:

"It is known that micro-organisms involved in the process of putrefaction after death can produce alcohol, usually a mixture of ethanol and other volatile substances. This process occurs when a body is not refrigerated soon after death and is hastened by environmental conditions such as high temperatures and when the body has been traumatised."

"In the biological world, ethanol is formed by the fermentation of sugar (glucose)" also producing carbon dioxide as by product. 

Full research paper:

This vide gives a quick and simple introduction to benzene with a focus at the end on what reaction benzene will undergo. It is important to note that the last part of the video is HL Chemistry. 

This video explains how benzene was discovered and explains its properties with scientific data and a deeper look into the structure of benzene. 

This video explains what structural isomers are and why the difference between isomers may be very important. During the video you are faced with examples of structural isomers and given tasks concerning those isomers.