● A covalent bond is formed by the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and
the positively charged nuclei.
● Single, double, and triple covalent bonds involve one, two, and three shared pairs of electrons
respectively.
● Bond length decreases and bond strength increases as the number of shared electrons increases.
● Bond polarity results from the difference in electronegativities of the bonded atoms.
Guidance
Bond polarity can be shown either with partial charges, dipoles, or vectors.

● Deduction of the polar nature of a covalent bond from electronegativity values.
Guidance
Electronegativity values are given in section 8 of the data booklet.

Task:

• Pearson text book:
  

1. Look at the worked example P153
   
2. Complete the exercise 10-13 on page 154

• ​Oxford text book 
  

1. ​look at the worked example 1+2 page 103
   

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