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    Understandings

    ● Organic structures can be analysed and identifi ed through the use of infrared spectroscopy, mass
    spectroscopy, and proton NMR.
    ● The presence of alcohol in a sample of breath can be detected through the use of either a redox
    reaction or a fuel cell type of breathalyser.

    Applications and skills 

    ● Interpretation of a variety of analytical spectra to determine an organic structure including infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and proton NMR.
    ● Description of the process of extraction and purifi cation of an organic product. Consider the use of fractional distillation, Raoult’s law, the properties on which extractions are based and explaining the relationship between organic structure and solubility.
    ● Description of the process of steroid detection in sport utilizing chromatography and mass
    spectroscopy.
    ● Explanation of how alcohol can be detected with the use of a breathalyser.

    Guidance
    ● Students should be able to identify common organic functional groups in a given compound by recognition of common drug structures and from IR (section 26 of the data booklet), 1H NMR
    (section 27 of the data booklet), and mass spectral fragment (section 28 of the data booklet) data.
    ● A common steroid structure is provided in the data booklet (section 34).

    ​Separating Components of a Mixture by Extraction

    Watch the video:
    Must watch
    Till 2:30 - explain basic principle of extraction with a separating funnel 
    Good to watch
    after 2:30 - extraction that includes acid /base reaction to make compound more water soluble 

    Raoult's law 

     Watch the 2 videos:
    Must watch
    Video 1: Summary of Raoult's law

    Good to watch
    Video 2: more comprehensive explanation of partial pressure and vapour pressure - great analogy included (not focused on Raoult's law as much)
    Picture
    Flipped classroom

    Poster task - Explaining through images and diagrams

    Task:
    1. Complete both of the video task above
     - separating components of a mixture by extraction 
     - Raoult's law
    ​2. Prepare a poster (offline) using paper and colour pen/pencils that is explaining both of the process discussed in the video tasks using drawings and diagrams rather than lots of words.
    3. Take a picture of your amazing poster creation and upload it on the wakelet

    Steroid detection 

    Task:
    1. Watch the video about testing athletes for steroids 
    2. Look at the structure of cholesterol and testosterone and identify similarities in the structure
    3. These similarities are called the steroidal backbone 
    4. Watch the video - The drug testing process

    Picture
    Steroid: Cholesterol - https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/steroids/
    Picture
    steroid: testosterone - https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Testosterone_and_the_Anabolic-Androgenic_Steroid_(AASs)

    Drug detection - case study 

    In drug research it is important that you are able to detect unknown compounds. Today you are an employee of a large Pharmaceutical industry and your job today is to determine the structural formula of an unknown compound

    Task:
    - Have a look at the slides and watch the videos about Gas Chromatography and Mass spectroscopy
    - Analyse the spectra in the slides and/or images below (some spectra will give you more info than others) 
    - Identify a possible structure of the unknown compound
    - Record your reasoning and analysis in Flipgrid 
    Gas Chromatogram 
    Mass Spectrum 
    IR Spectrum 
    NMR Spectrum 
    Sources of data:
    National Institute of standards and technology, US department of commerce (2020)'Unknown comound', Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69, Accessed on: 01/04/20.https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C94097&Type=IR-SPEC&Index=4
    Drugbank (2020)'Unknown comound', Accession Number DB01086  (APRD00539), Accessed on: 01/04/20. https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01086
    Unknown compound -> name has been taken out do to the nature of the task